Saturnвђ™s Jews: On The Witchesвђ™ Sabbat And Sabba... -

is a scholarly work by Moshe Idel that explores the historical and astrological association between the planet Saturn and the Jewish people. Published in 2011, the book examines how this connection—often termed "Saturnism"—shaped Jewish identity, influenced messianic movements, and fueled anti-Semitic tropes. Core Themes and Content

: Idel explores how non-Jewish societies in 14th and 15th-century Europe misperceived the Jewish Sabbath as a dark ritual. This led to a tragic linkage between Jews and sorcery, associating their holy day with the "Sabbat" or gathering of witches. is a scholarly work by Moshe Idel that

: The book details the ancient and medieval belief that Saturn, the seventh planet, presided over the Jews because they celebrated the Sabbath on the seventh day of the week. In Hebrew, Saturn is called Shabtai , a name directly linked to Shabbat . This led to a tragic linkage between Jews