Traditional CPS engineering often focuses strictly on technical hardware/software integration. However, modern industrial environments (like Industry 4.0 ) involve human-machine collaboration, which adds unpredictable social and organizational layers. Applying SSM to CPS allows for:
: A qualitative modeling process used to address complex, "messy" problems involving human perceptions and stakeholder conflict. Why They Are Combined ssm-cps
: Evaluating technologies like RFID or Mixed Reality in classrooms by capturing student/teacher perceptions to change pedagogical methods systematically. Why They Are Combined : Evaluating technologies like
: Engineered systems that integrate physical processes (machines, sensors) with computational algorithms and network connectivity. They create a continuous feedback loop where digital commands control physical actions in real-time. : Using SSM-based guidelines to help Small and
: Using SSM-based guidelines to help Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) adopt CPS by accounting for limited expertise and shifting employee roles.
: Consolidating different perceptions (e.g., from teachers and students in education or workers and managers in factories) to improve system design.
: Moving from rigid hierarchical structures to decentralized "heterarchical" models where machines and humans make autonomous decisions together.