An anal fissure typically occurs due to a tear in the anal mucosa, leading to exposure of the underlying muscle. This can cause pain and spasm, which in turn can lead to constipation and further exacerbate the condition. The pathophysiology involves not just the initial tear but also the subsequent ischemia and poor blood flow to the area, which impede healing.
The exact prevalence of anal fissures is difficult to determine due to underreporting. However, it is estimated that anal fissures account for a significant number of visits to colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists. They can affect individuals of all ages but are more common in young adults. Sofy Lucky first BBC, with Balls Deep Anal, Gap...
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on history and physical examination. A healthcare provider may use a speculum or a gloved finger to assess the anal region. Sometimes, additional tests are needed to rule out other conditions. An anal fissure typically occurs due to a