The term literally means "the meaning of a word" ( pada + artha ). In this context, it refers to any object or entity that exists, can be named, and can be experienced. Ayurveda adopts the categorization of the universe into six (and later seven) essential "Padarthas" to explain existence:

: The principle of similarity, where like increases like.

: The physical basis or substrate in which properties and actions reside.

: The inherent qualities of a substance, such as heavy, cold, or sharp, which influence its therapeutic action.