Incorporating Rate of Turn (ROT) and Change of Speed (COS) into AIS-based predictions for more accurate results during maneuvers.
): The vector difference between the own ship’s velocity and the target's velocity. Ocean CPA method.pdf
The perpendicular distance from the own ship to the target's relative motion line. 5. Advanced Refinements Incorporating Rate of Turn (ROT) and Change of
Recent research, such as that found on ScienceDirect and ResearchGate , suggests improving basic CPA by: If you'd like, I can provide: The specific
Uses radio waves to track the relative bearing and range of nearby targets.
💡 While the basic CPA method provides a "point-in-time" safety check, modern ocean navigation requires combining CPA with Ship Domain models to ensure reliable collision avoidance in busy shipping lanes. If you'd like, I can provide: The specific mathematical formulas for DCPA and TCPA A summary of COLREG rules related to collision avoidance
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