The specific tools used (Validated scales, interview guides).

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To test hypotheses, look at cause-and-effect, and make predictions.

The goal of methodology is to provide a rigorous path for discovery. It ensures that the conclusions drawn are not based on intuition or bias but on empirical evidence. It answers three fundamental questions: data to collect? Where/Who to collect it from? How to analyze it to find meaning? 2. The Research Paradigm (Philosophical Underpinnings)