Discount Window Treatment 〈2025-2027〉

Olivier Armantier, Marco Cipriani, and Asani Sarkar

(2024): Explores why banks use the window outside of crises, noting that smaller banks with illiquid portfolios are the most frequent users. discount window treatment

(2020): A Richmond Fed Economic Brief that explains how stigma undermines the Fed's role as the "lender of last resort". Quick Definition: The Discount Window Discount Window Stigma After the Global Financial Crisis Olivier Armantier, Marco Cipriani, and Asani Sarkar (2024):