: Usually limits coverage to care from doctors who work for or with the HMO. You typically need a referral from a primary doctor to see a specialist.

You generally cannot buy health insurance whenever you want. You must sign up during:

Before comparing plans, you need to understand the five main ways you pay for care:

: Moderate premiums and moderate costs. These often qualify for extra savings (subsidies) if you have a lower income.

: Higher premiums, but lower costs when you get care. Best if you have ongoing medical needs. 3. Networks: HMO vs. PPO

: Your share of the costs for a service, usually calculated as a percentage (e.g., you pay 20%, they pay 80%).

: Check Medicaid or Medicare if you meet specific income or age requirements.

Buying health insurance can feel like learning a second language. At its core, it is a contract where you pay a monthly fee (premium) so that an insurance company helps pay for your medical bills. 1. Key Terms to Know