124272 May 2026

: The formation of a p-n heterojunction creates an internal electric field that drives electrons and holes in opposite directions, reducing recombination rates. This synergy leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals ( ) and superoxide radicals ( ), which Mineralize the organic dyes. 4. Conclusion

Traditional photocatalysts like TiO₂ often suffer from a wide bandgap, limiting their efficiency to the ultraviolet spectrum. Heterojunction engineering—coupling two semiconductors with staggered band alignments—is a proven strategy to extend light response into the visible range. This paper focuses on the system. ZnO provides a robust, non-toxic framework, while BiOI, a p-type semiconductor with a narrow bandgap, serves as a visible-light sensitizer. 2. Materials and Methods 124272

: The cotton floc-like structure provides a high surface area, which maximizes the contact between the catalyst and pollutants. : The formation of a p-n heterojunction creates