123071 -

: Directly lowering the carbon intensity of industrial output.

Implementing carbon targets often involves a mix of policy tools, such as carbon emissions trading and green finance. While these measures impose initial costs, the economic effects of technological progress can offset these burdens: 123071

: The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies—such as big data and IoT—enables more efficient energy use and sustainable manufacturing processes. Challenges in the Transition : Directly lowering the carbon intensity of industrial