By layering two squares, the octagram symbolizes the union of the spiritual and the physical, or the "as above, so below" philosophy [1].
Many ancient cultures used the eight-pointed star to represent the cardinal and ordinal directions , serving as a celestial compass for both navigation and spiritual alignment. 12 : Octagram
Whether it appears on a flag, a cathedral floor, or an ancient coin, the octagram remains a timeless emblem of . By layering two squares, the octagram symbolizes the
Mathematically, the octagram is represented by the Schläfli symbol . This means it is an eight-sided polygon where each point is connected to the third point following it [2]. Its perfect symmetry makes it a staple in Islamic geometric patterns and sacred architecture [3]. By layering two squares